[PATCH 2/3] bootm: add support to boot ZSTD compressed images

[Marco Felsch <m.felsch@pengutronix.de>]

This adds the support to bootm to decompress and boot ZSTD compressed
kernels. The decompress_unzstd.c was taken from Linux and slighlty
adapted. Also the unzstd() function is adapted since we don't support
large >2G images yet like Linux does.

Signed-off-by: Marco Felsch <m.felsch@pengutronix.de>
---
 common/bootm.c                    |   8 +
 include/linux/decompress/unzstd.h |  11 ++
 lib/Makefile                      |   1 +
 lib/decompress_unzstd.c           | 316 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 lib/uncompress.c                  |   6 +
 5 files changed, 342 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 include/linux/decompress/unzstd.h
 create mode 100644 lib/decompress_unzstd.c

diff --git a/common/bootm.c b/common/bootm.c
index 29ea13e28cb8..4cc88eed76b5 100644
--- a/common/bootm.c
+++ b/common/bootm.c
@@ -940,6 +940,12 @@ static struct image_handler xz_bootm_handler = {
 	.filetype = filetype_xz_compressed,
 };
 
+static struct image_handler zstd_bootm_handler = {
+	.name = "ZSTD compressed file",
+	.bootm = do_bootm_compressed,
+	.filetype = filetype_zstd_compressed,
+};
+
 static int bootm_init(void)
 {
 	globalvar_add_simple("bootm.image", NULL);
@@ -974,6 +980,8 @@ static int bootm_init(void)
 		register_image_handler(&lz4_bootm_handler);
 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_XZ_DECOMPRESS))
 		register_image_handler(&xz_bootm_handler);
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZSTD_DECOMPRESS))
+		register_image_handler(&zstd_bootm_handler);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/include/linux/decompress/unzstd.h b/include/linux/decompress/unzstd.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ac078a3ba151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/decompress/unzstd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#ifndef LINUX_DECOMPRESS_UNZSTD_H
+#define LINUX_DECOMPRESS_UNZSTD_H
+
+int unzstd(unsigned char *inbuf, int len,
+	   int (*fill)(void*, unsigned int),
+	   int (*flush)(void*, unsigned int),
+	   unsigned char *output,
+	   int *pos,
+	   void (*error_fn)(char *x));
+#endif
diff --git a/lib/Makefile b/lib/Makefile
index 853d8870fe14..54866f59cc05 100644
--- a/lib/Makefile
+++ b/lib/Makefile
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_ZSTD_DECOMPRESS) += zstd/
 obj-y			+= show_progress.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_LZO_DECOMPRESS)		+= decompress_unlzo.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_LZ4_DECOMPRESS) += decompress_unlz4.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_ZSTD_DECOMPRESS) += decompress_unzstd.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_PROCESS_ESCAPE_SEQUENCE)	+= process_escape_sequence.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_UNCOMPRESS)	+= uncompress.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_BCH)	+= bch.o
diff --git a/lib/decompress_unzstd.c b/lib/decompress_unzstd.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..42166c21e255
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/decompress_unzstd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+/*
+ * Important notes about in-place decompression
+ *
+ * At least on x86, the kernel is decompressed in place: the compressed data
+ * is placed to the end of the output buffer, and the decompressor overwrites
+ * most of the compressed data. There must be enough safety margin to
+ * guarantee that the write position is always behind the read position.
+ *
+ * The safety margin for ZSTD with a 128 KB block size is calculated below.
+ * Note that the margin with ZSTD is bigger than with GZIP or XZ!
+ *
+ * The worst case for in-place decompression is that the beginning of
+ * the file is compressed extremely well, and the rest of the file is
+ * uncompressible. Thus, we must look for worst-case expansion when the
+ * compressor is encoding uncompressible data.
+ *
+ * The structure of the .zst file in case of a compressed kernel is as follows.
+ * Maximum sizes (as bytes) of the fields are in parenthesis.
+ *
+ *    Frame Header: (18)
+ *    Blocks: (N)
+ *    Checksum: (4)
+ *
+ * The frame header and checksum overhead is at most 22 bytes.
+ *
+ * ZSTD stores the data in blocks. Each block has a header whose size is
+ * a 3 bytes. After the block header, there is up to 128 KB of payload.
+ * The maximum uncompressed size of the payload is 128 KB. The minimum
+ * uncompressed size of the payload is never less than the payload size
+ * (excluding the block header).
+ *
+ * The assumption, that the uncompressed size of the payload is never
+ * smaller than the payload itself, is valid only when talking about
+ * the payload as a whole. It is possible that the payload has parts where
+ * the decompressor consumes more input than it produces output. Calculating
+ * the worst case for this would be tricky. Instead of trying to do that,
+ * let's simply make sure that the decompressor never overwrites any bytes
+ * of the payload which it is currently reading.
+ *
+ * Now we have enough information to calculate the safety margin. We need
+ *   - 22 bytes for the .zst file format headers;
+ *   - 3 bytes per every 128 KiB of uncompressed size (one block header per
+ *     block); and
+ *   - 128 KiB (biggest possible zstd block size) to make sure that the
+ *     decompressor never overwrites anything from the block it is currently
+ *     reading.
+ *
+ * We get the following formula:
+ *
+ *    safety_margin = 22 + uncompressed_size * 3 / 131072 + 131072
+ *                 <= 22 + (uncompressed_size >> 15) + 131072
+ */
+
+#include <linux/decompress/mm.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/zstd.h>
+
+/* 128MB is the maximum window size supported by zstd. */
+#define ZSTD_WINDOWSIZE_MAX	(1 << ZSTD_WINDOWLOG_MAX)
+/*
+ * Size of the input and output buffers in multi-call mode.
+ * Pick a larger size because it isn't used during kernel decompression,
+ * since that is single pass, and we have to allocate a large buffer for
+ * zstd's window anyway. The larger size speeds up initramfs decompression.
+ */
+#define ZSTD_IOBUF_SIZE		(1 << 17)
+
+static int INIT handle_zstd_error(size_t ret, void (*error)(char *x))
+{
+	const int err = ZSTD_getErrorCode(ret);
+
+	if (!ZSTD_isError(ret))
+		return 0;
+
+	switch (err) {
+	case ZSTD_error_memory_allocation:
+		error("ZSTD decompressor ran out of memory");
+		break;
+	case ZSTD_error_prefix_unknown:
+		error("Input is not in the ZSTD format (wrong magic bytes)");
+		break;
+	case ZSTD_error_dstSize_tooSmall:
+	case ZSTD_error_corruption_detected:
+	case ZSTD_error_checksum_wrong:
+		error("ZSTD-compressed data is corrupt");
+		break;
+	default:
+		error("ZSTD-compressed data is probably corrupt");
+		break;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle the case where we have the entire input and output in one segment.
+ * We can allocate less memory (no circular buffer for the sliding window),
+ * and avoid some memcpy() calls.
+ */
+static int INIT decompress_single(const u8 *in_buf, long in_len, u8 *out_buf,
+				  long out_len, long *in_pos,
+				  void (*error)(char *x))
+{
+	const size_t wksp_size = ZSTD_DCtxWorkspaceBound();
+	void *wksp = large_malloc(wksp_size);
+	ZSTD_DCtx *dctx = ZSTD_initDCtx(wksp, wksp_size);
+	int err;
+	size_t ret;
+
+	if (dctx == NULL) {
+		error("Out of memory while allocating ZSTD_DCtx");
+		err = -1;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Find out how large the frame actually is, there may be junk at
+	 * the end of the frame that ZSTD_decompressDCtx() can't handle.
+	 */
+	ret = ZSTD_findFrameCompressedSize(in_buf, in_len);
+	err = handle_zstd_error(ret, error);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+	in_len = (long)ret;
+
+	ret = ZSTD_decompressDCtx(dctx, out_buf, out_len, in_buf, in_len);
+	err = handle_zstd_error(ret, error);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (in_pos != NULL)
+		*in_pos = in_len;
+
+	err = 0;
+out:
+	if (wksp != NULL)
+		large_free(wksp);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int INIT __unzstd(unsigned char *in_buf, long in_len,
+			 long (*fill)(void*, unsigned long),
+			 long (*flush)(void*, unsigned long),
+			 unsigned char *out_buf, long out_len,
+			 long *in_pos,
+			 void (*error)(char *x))
+{
+	ZSTD_inBuffer in;
+	ZSTD_outBuffer out;
+	ZSTD_frameParams params;
+	void *in_allocated = NULL;
+	void *out_allocated = NULL;
+	void *wksp = NULL;
+	size_t wksp_size;
+	ZSTD_DStream *dstream;
+	int err;
+	size_t ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * ZSTD decompression code won't be happy if the buffer size is so big
+	 * that its end address overflows. When the size is not provided, make
+	 * it as big as possible without having the end address overflow.
+	 */
+	if (out_len == 0)
+		out_len = UINTPTR_MAX - (uintptr_t)out_buf;
+
+	if (fill == NULL && flush == NULL)
+		/*
+		 * We can decompress faster and with less memory when we have a
+		 * single chunk.
+		 */
+		return decompress_single(in_buf, in_len, out_buf, out_len,
+					 in_pos, error);
+
+	/*
+	 * If in_buf is not provided, we must be using fill(), so allocate
+	 * a large enough buffer. If it is provided, it must be at least
+	 * ZSTD_IOBUF_SIZE large.
+	 */
+	if (in_buf == NULL) {
+		in_allocated = large_malloc(ZSTD_IOBUF_SIZE);
+		if (in_allocated == NULL) {
+			error("Out of memory while allocating input buffer");
+			err = -1;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		in_buf = in_allocated;
+		in_len = 0;
+	}
+	/* Read the first chunk, since we need to decode the frame header. */
+	if (fill != NULL)
+		in_len = fill(in_buf, ZSTD_IOBUF_SIZE);
+	if (in_len < 0) {
+		error("ZSTD-compressed data is truncated");
+		err = -1;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	/* Set the first non-empty input buffer. */
+	in.src = in_buf;
+	in.pos = 0;
+	in.size = in_len;
+	/* Allocate the output buffer if we are using flush(). */
+	if (flush != NULL) {
+		out_allocated = large_malloc(ZSTD_IOBUF_SIZE);
+		if (out_allocated == NULL) {
+			error("Out of memory while allocating output buffer");
+			err = -1;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		out_buf = out_allocated;
+		out_len = ZSTD_IOBUF_SIZE;
+	}
+	/* Set the output buffer. */
+	out.dst = out_buf;
+	out.pos = 0;
+	out.size = out_len;
+
+	/*
+	 * We need to know the window size to allocate the ZSTD_DStream.
+	 * Since we are streaming, we need to allocate a buffer for the sliding
+	 * window. The window size varies from 1 KB to ZSTD_WINDOWSIZE_MAX
+	 * (8 MB), so it is important to use the actual value so as not to
+	 * waste memory when it is smaller.
+	 */
+	ret = ZSTD_getFrameParams(&params, in.src, in.size);
+	err = handle_zstd_error(ret, error);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+	if (ret != 0) {
+		error("ZSTD-compressed data has an incomplete frame header");
+		err = -1;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (params.windowSize > ZSTD_WINDOWSIZE_MAX) {
+		error("ZSTD-compressed data has too large a window size");
+		err = -1;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Allocate the ZSTD_DStream now that we know how much memory is
+	 * required.
+	 */
+	wksp_size = ZSTD_DStreamWorkspaceBound(params.windowSize);
+	wksp = large_malloc(wksp_size);
+	dstream = ZSTD_initDStream(params.windowSize, wksp, wksp_size);
+	if (dstream == NULL) {
+		error("Out of memory while allocating ZSTD_DStream");
+		err = -1;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Decompression loop:
+	 * Read more data if necessary (error if no more data can be read).
+	 * Call the decompression function, which returns 0 when finished.
+	 * Flush any data produced if using flush().
+	 */
+	if (in_pos != NULL)
+		*in_pos = 0;
+	do {
+		/*
+		 * If we need to reload data, either we have fill() and can
+		 * try to get more data, or we don't and the input is truncated.
+		 */
+		if (in.pos == in.size) {
+			if (in_pos != NULL)
+				*in_pos += in.pos;
+			in_len = fill ? fill(in_buf, ZSTD_IOBUF_SIZE) : -1;
+			if (in_len < 0) {
+				error("ZSTD-compressed data is truncated");
+				err = -1;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			in.pos = 0;
+			in.size = in_len;
+		}
+		/* Returns zero when the frame is complete. */
+		ret = ZSTD_decompressStream(dstream, &out, &in);
+		err = handle_zstd_error(ret, error);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+		/* Flush all of the data produced if using flush(). */
+		if (flush != NULL && out.pos > 0) {
+			if (out.pos != flush(out.dst, out.pos)) {
+				error("Failed to flush()");
+				err = -1;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			out.pos = 0;
+		}
+	} while (ret != 0);
+
+	if (in_pos != NULL)
+		*in_pos += in.pos;
+
+	err = 0;
+out:
+	if (in_allocated != NULL)
+		large_free(in_allocated);
+	if (out_allocated != NULL)
+		large_free(out_allocated);
+	if (wksp != NULL)
+		large_free(wksp);
+	return err;
+}
+
+STATIC int INIT unzstd(unsigned char *buf, int len,
+		       int (*fill)(void*, unsigned int),
+		       int (*flush)(void*, unsigned int),
+		       unsigned char *out_buf,
+		       int *pos,
+		       void (*error)(char *x))
+{
+	return __unzstd(buf, len, fill, flush, out_buf, 0, pos, error);
+}
diff --git a/lib/uncompress.c b/lib/uncompress.c
index bfe042fcf83e..e7a3ffde823e 100644
--- a/lib/uncompress.c
+++ b/lib/uncompress.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <lzo.h>
 #include <linux/xz.h>
 #include <linux/decompress/unlz4.h>
+#include <linux/decompress/unzstd.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <filetype.h>
 #include <malloc.h>
@@ -121,6 +122,11 @@ int uncompress(unsigned char *inbuf, int len,
 	case filetype_xz_compressed:
 		compfn = decompress_unxz;
 		break;
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_ZSTD_DECOMPRESS
+	case filetype_zstd_compressed:
+		compfn = unzstd;
+		break;
 #endif
 	default:
 		err = basprintf("cannot handle filetype %s",
-- 
2.39.2